Why do backflow preventers have to be tested periodically?

Mechanical backflow preventers have internal seals, springs, and moving parts that are subject to fouling, wear, or fatigue. Also, mechanical backflow preventers and air gaps can be bypassed. Therefore, they have to be tested periodically to ensure that they are functioning properly. A visual check of air gaps is sufficient, but mechanical backflow preventers have to be tested with properly calibrated gauge equipment.

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1. What is a cross-connection?
2. What is backflow?
3. What is backpressure backflow?
4. What is backsiphonage?
5. Why do water suppliers need to control cross-connections and protect their public water systems against backflow?
6. What should water suppliers do to control cross-connections and protect their public water systems against backflow?
7. What is a backflow preventer?
8. What is an air gap?
9. What is a reduced principle assembly (RP)?
10. What is a double check valve assembly (DC)?
11. What is a residential dual check valve (RDC)?
12. Why do backflow preventers have to be tested periodically?
13. Where can I get more information about cross-connection control?